diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index f3d99bb..c6ce4ff 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use libmf::{Loss, Matrix, Model};
 use log::info;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::env;
+use tokio_postgres::binary_copy::BinaryCopyInWriter;
 use tokio_postgres::{types::Type, NoTls};
 
 mod args;
@@ -35,23 +36,28 @@ async fn get_column_types(
 ) -> Result<Vec<Type>> {
     let column_list = columns.join("', '");
     let query = format!(
-        "SELECT data_type \
+        "SELECT data_type, udt_name \
          FROM information_schema.columns \
          WHERE table_schema = 'public' \
          AND table_name = $1 \
          AND column_name IN ('{}') \
-         ORDER BY column_name",
-        column_list
+         ORDER BY array_position(ARRAY['{}'], column_name)",
+        column_list, column_list
     );
 
+    info!("Executing type query: {}", query);
     let rows = client.query(&query, &[&table]).await?;
+    info!("Got types: {:?}", rows);
     let mut types = Vec::new();
     for row in rows {
         let data_type: &str = row.get(0);
-        let pg_type = match data_type {
-            "integer" => Type::INT4,
-            "bigint" => Type::INT8,
-            _ => anyhow::bail!("Unsupported column type: {}", data_type),
+        let udt_name: &str = row.get(1);
+        let pg_type = match (data_type, udt_name) {
+            ("integer", _) => Type::INT4,
+            ("bigint", _) => Type::INT8,
+            ("ARRAY", "_float4") => Type::FLOAT4_ARRAY,
+            ("ARRAY", "_float8") => Type::FLOAT8_ARRAY,
+            _ => anyhow::bail!("Unsupported column type: {} ({})", data_type, udt_name),
         };
         types.push(pg_type);
     }
@@ -126,10 +132,35 @@ async fn save_embeddings(
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let client = pool.get().await?;
 
+    // Get the column types from the target table
+    let types = get_column_types(
+        &client,
+        &args.target_table,
+        &[&args.target_id_column, &args.target_embedding_column],
+    )
+    .await?;
+
+    // Create a temporary table with the same structure
+    let create_temp = format!(
+        "CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_embeddings AS SELECT * FROM {} WHERE 1=0",
+        args.target_table
+    );
+    client.execute(&create_temp, &[]).await?;
+
+    // Copy data into temporary table
+    let copy_query = format!(
+        "COPY temp_embeddings ({id_col}, {embedding_col}) FROM STDIN (FORMAT binary)",
+        id_col = args.target_id_column,
+        embedding_col = args.target_embedding_column,
+    );
+
+    let mut writer = Box::pin(BinaryCopyInWriter::new(
+        client.copy_in(&copy_query).await?,
+        &types,
+    ));
+
     let mut valid_embeddings = 0;
     let mut invalid_embeddings = 0;
-    let batch_size = 128;
-    let mut current_batch = Vec::with_capacity(batch_size);
 
     // Process factors for items that appear in the source table
     for (idx, factors) in model.q_iter().enumerate() {
@@ -145,33 +176,33 @@ async fn save_embeddings(
         }
 
         valid_embeddings += 1;
-        current_batch.push((item_id as i64, factors));
-
-        // When batch is full, save it
-        if current_batch.len() >= batch_size {
-            save_batch(
-                &client,
-                &args.target_table,
-                &args.target_id_column,
-                &args.target_embedding_column,
-                &current_batch,
-            )
-            .await?;
-            current_batch.clear();
-        }
+        let id_value: Box<dyn tokio_postgres::types::ToSql + Sync> = match types[0] {
+            Type::INT4 => Box::new(item_id),
+            Type::INT8 => Box::new(item_id as i64),
+            _ => anyhow::bail!("Unexpected type for ID column: {:?}", types[0]),
+        };
+        let factors: &[f32] = factors;
+        writer.as_mut().write(&[&*id_value, &factors]).await?;
     }
 
-    // Save any remaining items in the last batch
-    if !current_batch.is_empty() {
-        save_batch(
-            &client,
-            &args.target_table,
-            &args.target_id_column,
-            &args.target_embedding_column,
-            &current_batch,
-        )
-        .await?;
-    }
+    writer.as_mut().finish().await?;
+
+    // Insert from temp table with ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
+    let insert_query = format!(
+        r#"
+            INSERT INTO {target_table} ({id_col}, {embedding_col})
+            SELECT {id_col}, {embedding_col} FROM temp_embeddings
+            ON CONFLICT ({id_col}) DO UPDATE
+            SET {embedding_col} = EXCLUDED.{embedding_col}
+        "#,
+        target_table = args.target_table,
+        id_col = args.target_id_column,
+        embedding_col = args.target_embedding_column,
+    );
+    client.execute(&insert_query, &[]).await?;
+
+    // Clean up temp table
+    client.execute("DROP TABLE temp_embeddings", &[]).await?;
 
     info!(
         "Saved {} valid embeddings, skipped {} invalid embeddings",
@@ -181,48 +212,6 @@ async fn save_embeddings(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-async fn save_batch(
-    client: &deadpool_postgres::Client,
-    target_table: &str,
-    target_id_column: &str,
-    target_embedding_column: &str,
-    batch_values: &[(i64, &[f32])],
-) -> Result<()> {
-    // Build the batch insert query
-    let placeholders: Vec<String> = (0..batch_values.len())
-        .map(|i| format!("(${}::int8, ${}::float4[])", i * 2 + 1, i * 2 + 2))
-        .collect();
-    let query = format!(
-        r#"
-            INSERT INTO {target_table} ({target_id_column}, {target_embedding_column})
-            VALUES {placeholders}
-            ON CONFLICT ({target_id_column})
-            DO UPDATE SET {target_embedding_column} = EXCLUDED.{target_embedding_column}
-        "#,
-        placeholders = placeholders.join(",")
-    );
-
-    // info!("Executing query: {}", query);
-
-    // Flatten parameters for the query
-    let mut params: Vec<&(dyn tokio_postgres::types::ToSql + Sync)> = Vec::new();
-    for (item_id, factors) in batch_values {
-        params.push(item_id);
-        params.push(factors);
-    }
-
-    info!("Number of parameters: {}", params.len());
-    client.execute(&query, &params[..]).await.with_context(|| {
-        format!(
-            "Failed to execute batch insert at {}:{} with {} values",
-            file!(),
-            line!(),
-            batch_values.len()
-        )
-    })?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 async fn validate_table_exists(client: &deadpool_postgres::Client, table: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let query = r#"SELECT EXISTS (
         SELECT FROM pg_tables